$("#dialog").load("test.php", { orientacja: $('input:radio[name=orient]').val(), kat: $('input[name=pr]').val() } );

input:radio[name=orient]:checked

      var number1val = $('input:radio[name=orient]:checked').val();
      var number2val = $('input[name=pr]').val();
      $.ajax({
      type: "POST",
      url: "test.php",
      data: { "orientacja": number1val, "kat": number2val },
      dataType: "text",
      success: function(data) {
      $("dialog").html(data);
   }
  });