Zakres szukany od 0-9999. Dla większego zakresu trzeba dodać kolejne "paczki" UNION i dodać je w sumowaniu id.
SELECT id
FROM
(
SELECT (a.liczba+b.liczba*10+c.liczba*100+d.liczba*1000) AS id
FROM (
SELECT 0 AS liczba UNION ALL
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 4 UNION ALL
SELECT 5 UNION ALL
SELECT 6 UNION ALL
SELECT 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 9) AS a,
(
SELECT 0 AS liczba UNION ALL
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 4 UNION ALL
SELECT 5 UNION ALL
SELECT 6 UNION ALL
SELECT 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 9) AS b,
(
SELECT 0 AS liczba UNION ALL
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 4 UNION ALL
SELECT 5 UNION ALL
SELECT 6 UNION ALL
SELECT 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 9) AS c,
(
SELECT 0 AS liczba UNION ALL
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 4 UNION ALL
SELECT 5 UNION ALL
SELECT 6 UNION ALL
SELECT 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 9) AS d
) AS tmp
LEFT JOIN tabela AS t ON t.id=tmp.id
WHERE t.id IS NULL